Patterns of Biophilic Design. In the two decades since Wilson published The Biophilia Hypothesis, the body of evidence supporting biophilia has expanded considerably. The biophilic design patterns in this paper have, in the words of Wilson, been . Software design patterns are abstractions that help structure system designs. While not new, since the concept was already described by Christopher Alexander in its architectural theories, it only gathered some traction in.The descriptive term 'pattern' is being used for three reasons: The use of spatial patterns is inspired by the precedents of A Pattern Language , Designing with People in Mind and Patterns of Home , as well as lectures and compilations on form, language and complexity (; ). Christopher Alexander brings clarity to this intent with his explanation that patterns. These fourteen Patterns of Biophilic Design focus on psychological, physiological and cognitive benefits. In Developer Testing, leading test expert and mentor Alexander Tarlinder presents concise, focused guidance for making new and legacy code far more testable. Tarlinder helps you answer. The Inversion of Control (IoC) and Dependency Injection (DI) patterns are all about removing dependencies from your code. For example, say your application has a text editor component and you want to provide spell checking. While informed by science, biophilic design patterns are not formulas; they are meant to inform, guide and assist in the design process and should be thought of as another tool in the designer. The purpose of defining these patterns is to articulate connections between aspects of the built and natural environments and how people react to and benefit from them. Just as combinations of culture, demographics, health baselines, and characteristics of the built environment can impact the experience of space differently, so too can each design pattern. An Interior Design Glossary with many words and definitions related to Interior Design. View the glossary via HTML or download a PDF. Glossary was compiled by and is provided by WHL Design Group. We are delighted to welcome Ashgate Publishing and Gower books into the Taylor & Francis Group. Shop Online or in Our Express Stores. Young’s Market Company knows the value of convenience. A suitable solution results from understanding local conditions and one space. Unless otherwise noted, all examples reported are based on data published in a peer- reviewed journal. We acknowledge that some studies are more rigorous than others and that some patterns have a greater body of research to support findings of significance. To help communicate this variability, up to three asterisks are following each pattern name, whereby three asterisks (***) indicates that the quantity and quality of available peer- reviewed evidence is robust and the potential for impact is great, and no asterisk indicates that there is minimal research to support the biological relationship between health and design, but the anecdotal information is adequate for hypothesizing its potential impact and importance as a unique pattern. The field of biophilic design is constantly evolving, and as Salingaros (2. By establishing these 1. Biophilia. 1. 4 Patterns of Biophilic Design. Improving Health and Well- Being in the Built Environment. Nature in the Space link to this section. The Experience. A space with a good Visual Connection with Nature feels whole, it grabs one. It can convey a sense of time, weather and other living things. Roots of the Pattern. Examples. Naturally Occurring: Natural flow of a body of water. Vegetation, including food bearing plants. Animals, insects. Fossils. Terrain, soil, earth. Simulated or Constructed: Mechanical flow of a body of water. Koi pond, aquarium. Green wall. Artwork depicting nature scenes. Video depicting nature scenes. Highly designed landscapes. The Visual Connection with Nature pattern has evolved from research on visual preference and responses to views to nature showing reduced stress, more positive emotional functioning, and improved concentration and recovery rates. Stress recovery from visual connections with nature have reportedly been realized through lowered blood pressure and heart rate; reduced attentional fatigue, sadness, anger, and aggression; improved mental engagement/attentiveness, attitude and overall happiness. There is also evidence for stress reduction related to both experiencing real nature and seeing images of nature. Visual access to biodiversity is reportedly more beneficial to our psychological health than access to land area (i. Visual preference research indicates that the preferred view is looking down a slope to a scene that includes copses of shade trees, flowering plants, calm non- threatening animals, indications of human habitation, and bodies of clean water (Orians & Heerwagen, 1. This is often difficult to achieve in the built environment, particularly in already dense urban settings, though the psychological benefits of nature are suggested to increase with higher levels of biodiversity and not with an increase in natural vegetative area (Fuller et al., 2. Positive impact on mood and self- esteem has also been shown to occur most significantly in the first five minutes of experiencing nature, such as through exercise within a green space (Barton & Pretty, 2. Viewing nature for ten minutes prior to experiencing a mental stressor has shown to stimulate heart rate variability and parasympathetic activity (i. Brown, Barton & Gladwell, 2. Tsunetsugu & Miyazaki, 2. Parallax. Autumn wine vineyard near Blenheim, New Zealand. The human brain exploits the parallax to gain depth perception and estimate distances to objects. Viewing scenes of nature stimulates a larger portion of the visual cortex than non- nature scenes, which triggers more pleasure receptors in our brain, leading to prolonged interest and faster stress recovery. For example, heart rate recovery from low- level stress, such as from working in an office environment, has shown to occur 1. Kahn et al., 2. 00. Additionally, repeated viewing of real nature, unlike non- nature, does not significantly diminish the viewer. The effect of an intervention will improve as the quality of a view and the amount of visible biodiversity each increases. A view to nature through a glass window provides a benefit over a digital screen (e. Kahn et al., 2. 00. This may change as three- dimensional videography advances. Nevertheless, simulated or constructed nature is measurably better at engendering stress reduction than having no visual connection at all. Design considerations for establishing a strong visual connection with nature: Relation to other Patterns. Visual Connection with Nature is often paired with a number of other patterns. Common overlaps with the most significant potential impact. Adjacent to a restaurant and the main conference rooms, the birch garden is an oasis of calm in the hustle and bustle of Times Square. The New York Times Building moss and birch garden, by Renzo Piano, acts as an oasis of calm. Steed. The Experience. A space with a good Non- Visual Connection with Nature feels fresh and well balanced; the ambient conditions are perceived as complex and variable but at the same time familiar and comfortable, whereby sounds, aromas, and textures are reminiscent of being outdoors in nature. Roots of the Pattern. The Non- Visual Connection with Nature pattern has evolved from research on reductions in systolic blood pressure and stress hormones; impact of sound and vibration on cognitive performance; and perceived improvements in mental health and tranquility as a result of non- visual sensory interactions with non- threatening nature . Each sensory system has a vast body of research to support it; here we provide just a taste. Examples. Naturally Occurring: Fragrant herbs and flowers. Songbirds. Flowing water. Weather (rain, wind, hail)Natural ventilation (operable windows, breezeways)Textured materials (stone, wood, fur)Crackling fire/fireplace. Sun patches. Warm/cool surfaces. Simulated or Constructed: Digital simulations of nature sounds. Mechanically released natural plant oils. Highly textured fabrics/textiles that mimic natural material textures. Audible and/or physically accessible water feature. Music with fractal qualities. Horticulture/gardening, including edible plants. Domesticated animals/pets. Honeybee apiary. Auditory: Research shows that exposure to nature sounds, when compared to urban or office noise, accelerates physiological and psychological restoration up to 3. Alvarsson et al., 2. Jahncke et al., 2. Participants of one study who either listened to river sounds or saw a nature movie with river sounds during a post- task restoration period reported having more energy and greater motivation after the restoration period compared to participants who only listened to office noise or silence (Jahncke et al., 2. In addition, viewing the nature movie with river sounds during the restoration period had a more positive affect than only listening to river sounds alone. Ocean waves and vehicle traffic can have a very similar sound pattern. In an experiment using a synthesized sound that replicated the waves and traffic sound pattern, researchers observed that participants processed the synthesized sound in different portions of the brain depending on whether they were also watching a video of either waves or vehicle traffic (Hunter et al., 2. Participants considered the sound to be pleasurable when viewing the video of waves, but not when viewing the video of traffic. This study suggests a strong connection between our visual and auditory sensory systems and psychological well- being. Olfactory: Our olfactory system processes scent directly in the brain, which can trigger very powerful memories. Traditional practices have long used plant oils to calm or energize people. Studies have also shown that olfactory exposure to herbs and phytoncides (essential oils from trees) have a positive effect on the healing process and human immune function, respectively (Li et al., 2. Kim et al., 2. 00. Haptic: Pet therapy, where companionship and the act of petting and feeling the fur of domesticated animals, is known to have profound calming effects on patients; gardening and horticulture activities have shown to engender environmental stewardship among children, reduce self- reported fatigue while maintaining joint flexibility among adults (e. Yamane et al., 2. The act of touching real plant life, versus synthetic plants, has also shown to induce relaxation through a change in cerebral blood flow rates (e. Koga & Iwasaki, 2. These examples give reason to believe that the experience of touching other elements in nature, such as water or raw materials, may result in similar health outcomes. While adults are often curious or fearful of edible plants and herbs, consider the familiar habit of infants and toddlers putting found objects in their mouths .
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
December 2016
Categories |